Immanuel Kant s Ethical Theory - 1111 Words

Part A Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory. According to Bentham, the utilitarian principle discloses that the action of morally right when it promotes the maximum happiness for a majority of the citizens (Dion, 2012, p. 10). Therefore, utilitarianism can be expressed by, the greatest good for the highest number. In Ted s situation, utilitarianism theory explains option in paying the inspector $500.00 would be most preferable as it will maximise happiness for Ted, his employees and the inspector. Kantian Ethics Kant s ethical theory is deontological theory. In deontological theories actions are evaluated as ethical or unethical based on one duty. Kantian ethics theory includes duty for the sake of duty†¦show more content†¦Categorical imperatives are unconditional and must be obeyed under any conditions (Strategies, 2015). The principle of deontological ethics can be summed up by the phrase, â€Å"treat others as you would be treated†. Moreover, several formulas of categorical imperative include universal law of nature formula, humanity formula and the kingdom ends formula (Strategies, 2015). Subsequently, applying Kantian theory to Ted s dilemma, he must not pay the inspector $500.00. Ted s duty as a management is to rectify his issue effectively and efficiently in an ethical manner. Furthermore, an option of paying the inspector would starts a fraud, which considered corruption and Ted would bypassed it; then Ted s issue is unresolved and he might poison his customers which could lead to a legal matter. Virtue Ethics A virtue is the mean between extremes reflecting a state of human character and is expressed through voluntary actions, i.e. carried out knowingly, neither coincidentally nor compelled external forces (Irwin, 1999). According to Fisher and Lovell (2009), virtues are personal qualities that provide the basis for the individual to lead a good, noble, or happy life (Fisher Lovell, 2003, p. 103). Aristotelian virtues are described in accordance with specific situations. For example, courage is discussed with respect to situations that provoke fear; justice is discussed with respect to situations calling for distributing resources (Hackett Wang, 2012, p. 870).